Aphasia (or aphemia) is a loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language, due to injury to brain areas specialized for these functions. It is not a result of deafness or muscle paralysis, and it does not necessarily affect intelligence. Aphasia can be distinguished from dysphasia. The prefix a- indicates complete loss, which is usually a condition only seen in adult brain damage, when it is too late in life for the nervous system to make gross adjustments. The prefix dys- indicates a partial loss, which is more common when the dysfunction occurs in children. Depending on the area and extent of the damage, someone suffering from aphasia may be able to speak but not write, or vice versa, or display any of a wide variety of other deficiencies in language comprehension and production. Aphasia may co-occur with speech disorders such as dysarthria or apraxia of speech, which also result from brain damage. Usually, aphasias are a result of damage to the language centres of the brain (like Broca's area). These areas are almost always located in the left hemisphere, and in most people this is where the ability to produce and comprehend language is found. However, in a very small number of people language ability is found in the right hemisphere. In either case, damage to these language areas can be caused by a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other head injury. Aphasia may also develop slowly, as in the case of a brain tumor or progressive neurological disease. Aphasia can be divided into primary and secondary aphasia. Primary aphasia is due to problems with languag
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The month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months (lunations) are synodic months and last ~29.53 days. From excavated tally sticks, researchers have deduced that people counted days in relation to the Moon's phases as early as the Paleolithic age. Synodic months are still the basis of many calendars.
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