An astronaut or cosmonaut (Russian: IPA: ) is a person who is trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. While generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is also sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists. Until 2003, professional space travelers were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. However, with the launch of the privately-funded SpaceShipOne in 2005, a new category of astronaut was created - the commercial astronaut. With the rise of space tourism, NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency agreed to use the term 'spaceflight participant' to distinguish those space travelers from professional astronauts on missions coordinated by those agencies. The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The FAI defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 miles). However, in the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 80 kilometres (50 miles) are awarded astronaut wings. As of September 9, 2006, a total of 448 humans from 37 countries have gone into space according to the FAI guideline, while 454 people qualify under the U.S. definition. Of those totals, 444 people have reached Earth orbit or beyond and 24 people have traveled beyond Low Earth Orbit. Space travelers have spent over 29,000 person-days (or a cumulative total of over 77 years) in space including over 100 person-days of spa
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A day (symbol: d) is a unit of time equivalent to 24 hours. It is not an SI unit but it is accepted for use with SI. The SI unit of time is the second. The term comes from the Old English dg, with similar terms common in all other Indo-European languages, such as dies in Latin and dive in Sanskrit. Contents 1 Definitions 1.1 International System of Units (SI) 1.2 Astronomy 1.3 Colloquial 2 Introduction 3 Civil day 4 Leap seconds 5 Astronomy 6 Boundaries of the day 7 Metaphorical days
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