Autism is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and American Psychological Association as a developmental disability that results from a disorder of the human central nervous system. It is diagnosed using specific criteria for impairments to social interaction, communication, interests, imagination and activities. The causes, symptoms, etiology, treatment, and other issues are controversial. Autism manifests itself 'before the age of three years' according to the WHO's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Children with autism are marked by delays in their 'social interaction, language as used in social communication, or symbolic or imaginative play' (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Autism, and the other four pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), are all considered to be neurodevelopmental disorders. They are diagnosed on the basis of a triad, or group of three behavioral impairments or dysfunctions: 1. impaired social interaction, 2. impaired communication and 3. restricted and repetitive interests and activities. These three basic characteristics reflect Dr. Leo Kanner's first reports of autism emphasizing 'autistic aloneness' and 'insistence on sameness.' From a physiological standpoint, autism is often less than obvious in that outward appearance may not indicate a disorder. Diagnosis typically comes from a complete patient history and physical and neurological evaluation. Obsessively stacking or lining up cans and other objects at a very young age may be an early indicator of autism.The incidence of diagnosed au
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In biological psychology, awareness comprises a human's or an animal's perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or event. Awareness does not necessarily imply understanding, just an ability to be conscious of, feel or perceive. Awareness is a relative concept. An animal may be partially aware, may be subconsciously aware, or may be acutely aware of an event. Awareness may be focused on an internal state, such as a visceral feeling, or on external events by way of sensory perception. Awareness provides the raw material from which animals develop qualia, or subjective ideas about their experience. Researchers have debated what minimal components are necessary for animals to be aware of environmental stimuli, though all animals have some capacity for acute reactive behavior that implies a faculty for awareness.
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