Aviation history deals with the development of mechanical flight, including early attempts and practical aviation since the Wright brothers demonstration of sustained, controlled and powered heavier-than-air flight on December 17, 1903. Humanity's desire to fly likely dates to the first time man observed birds, an observation illustrated in the legendary story of Daedalus and Icarus. Daedalus was imprisoned on the island of Crete by king Minos, and so built wings out of feathers and wax for himself and his son. Much of the focus of early research was on imitating birds, but through trial and error, balloons, airships, gliders and eventually aircraft and types of flying machines were invented. Aircraft designers have struggled to make their craft go faster, further, fly higher, and be controlled more easily. Aircraft engines have become more efficient and more powerful, from steam to piston, jet and rocket engines. Aircraft have become more streamlined and their materials stronger and lighter. Initially aircraft were made of canvas and wood. Then doped fabric replaced canvas, and steel tubing replaced wood. All aluminum monocoque construction became dominant during WWII. Today, aircraft are and increasingly made of composite materials, especially carbon fiber, which is prized for its light weight and strength, as well as its ability to be formed into any shape. The methods used to control aircraft continue to advance. Initially gliders were controlled by moving one's entire body (Otto Lilienthal) or warping the wings (Wright brothers). Modern airplanes are controlled wi
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The month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months (lunations) are synodic months and last ~29.53 days. From excavated tally sticks, researchers have deduced that people counted days in relation to the Moon's phases as early as the Paleolithic age. Synodic months are still the basis of many calendars.
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