Carnival or Carnivale is an annual Christian festival season. It occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February or March. It typically involves a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus and public street party. People often dress up or masquerade during the celebrations. Carnival is mostly a Roman Catholic and, to a lesser extent, Eastern Orthodox celebration; Protestant areas usually do not have carnival celebrations or have modified traditions, like the Danish Carnival. The world's largest carnival celebration is held in Salvador/Bahia, Brazil, but many cities worldwide have large, popular celebrations. The traditional English name for the carnival is Shrovetide; many other names may be used for local versions of the festival. Contents 1 Length and individual holidays 2 History 3 Name 4 Special celebrations around the world 4.1 Europe 4.1.1 German speaking areas 4.1.1.1 Rhineland 4.1.1.2 Alemannic Fastnacht 4.1.2 England 4.1.3 Netherlands 4.1.4 Greece 4.1.5 Cyprus 4.1.6 Italy 4.1.7 Malta 4.1.8 Portugal 4.1.9 Russia 4.1.10 Spain 4.1.10.1 Carnival of Cdiz 4.1.11 Poland 4.1.12 Hungary 4.1.13 Czech Republic 4.1.14 Slovakia 4.1.15 Slovenia 4.1.16 Croatia 4.2 Latin America 4.2.1 Bolivia 4.2.2 Uruguay 4.2.3 Brazil 4.2.4 Panama 4.2.5 Mexico 4.2.6 Caribbean Carnival 4.2.7 Antigua Carnival 4.2.8 Trinidad & Tobago 4.2.9 Colombia 4.2.10 Honduras 4.2.11 Nicaragua 4.3 North America 4.3.1 Canada
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Italy (Italian: Italia, officially the Italian Republic; Italian: Repubblica Italiana), is a country located in Southern Europe, that comprises the Po River valley, the Italian Peninsula and the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italians also refer to it as lo Stivale ('the Boot', due to its boot-like shape), il Bel Paese ('the Beautiful Country') or la Penisola ('the Peninsula' as an antonomasia). Italy shares its northern alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italian territory, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. Italy was home to many well-known and influential European cultures, including the Etruscans, Greeks, and the Romans. Its capital Rome has laid the foundations for Western Society, and is an historically important world city, especially as the core of ancient Rome and the Roman Catholic Church. For more than 3,000 years Italy experienced migrations and invasions from Germanic, Celtic, Frankish, Lombard, Byzantine Greek, Saracen and Norman peoples during the Middle Ages, followed by the Italian Renaissance period, in which the Italian Wars took place and various city-states were noted for their cultural achievements. Italy was divided into many independent states and often experienced foreign domination before the Italian unification, that created Italy as an independent nation-state for the first time in its history, took place. During the period under the Italian monarchy and during the world wars Ita
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